남경국민정부시기 위생교육과 ‘공공위생’ — 소학위생교과서를 중심으로 —

초록

The Nanjing National Government of the Republic of China showed significance during the 1930s since it extensively carried out the mission of establishing a modern nation-state. And it is especially true when it comes to investigating the relationship between the history of public health and the involvement of state authority. From the perspective of the National Government, the hygiene issue was one of the major tasks for controlling the people's body by which the government could gain legitimacy for its political rule. It is noteworthy that China, the state or society, had to make cognitive efforts to propagate the concept of public health and let the people recognize and accept its importance. The article attempts to investigate how the Nanjing National government treated the issue of public health in the process of nationalizing people, particularly when it comes to hygiene education at schools. The article pays special attention to the hygiene textbooks to clarify the traits of hygiene education by the Nanjing National government since they collectively cover the categories of anti-epidemic hygiene and hygiene education. With the critical reflection of existing studies, the article tries to move one step forward, from introducing the practice of hygiene education at schools to revealing the ideological aspects in the administration of hygiene policies along with the spread of the knowledge at the level of school education. The main sources are the elementary school textbooks and the teacher's resource books published around the year 1932 when the hygiene curriculum became independent. The second chapter discusses the focus of hygiene education at schools within the hygiene administration of the Nanjing National government and tries to consider the political and ideological traits behind the new establishment of the curriculum. The third chapter analyzes the elementary school hygiene textbooks on their description styles, organizations, and narration structures by which we can fathom the historical meaning of hygiene education during the period of the Nanjing National government in the matter of public health.

키워드