국내 항만의 화물처리 경쟁력 분석 연구

초록

The objective of this study is to systematically analyzes the competitiveness of major Korean ports based on their cargo handling performance, and identify structural factors of competitive differences among these ports. After collecting detailed data concerning container and non-container cargo at major Korean ports (Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, Ulsan, and Pyeongtaek-Dangjin) from the Port Logistics Information System (Port-MIS) during 2014 to 2023. The study employs methodologies such as Concentration Ratio (CR), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and Shift-Share analysis to comprehensively investigate port competitiveness and market dynamics. The analysis results showed several important findings. Firstly, it had been shown that Busan Port had increased its dominant market share at Korean container cargo handling market. However, Gwangyang Port had showed considerable declining market share and Incheon Port had kept relatively stable market share without critical fluctuation. Secondly, the non-container cargo market had shown different market share structure. There was no dominant tendency of market share to a certain port. Gwangyang, Ulsan, and Pyeongtaek-Dangjin ports had maintained their competitive market positions and kept balanced competition structure. The analysis result of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) showed that Busan port dominated other Korean ports at container cargo market. However, there was no dominant concentration at non-container cargo market. That means each port was competitive and market share showed decentralized structure. Shift-Share analysis further enriched these insights by decomposing cargo volume changes into national growth effects, industrial structure effects, and regional competitive factors. This analysis showed that Busan and Jeju ports had significant robust regional competitiveness and that was the foundation of growing cargo handling volume. Conversely, ports such as Pohang, Incheon, and Ulsan had declining industrial competitiveness and weak regional structure and that was the reason of decreasing cargo handling volume. The results of this study recommend that it is urgent to develop and support policy to reduce risks associated with the monopolistic concentration of Busan Port and to enhance national logistics resilience by structuring balanced regional ports. In addition, it is needed to develop customized and port-specific strategies that align with regional port characteristics, industrial structure, and market dynamics. Ultimately, this study provides detailed and practical guidelines to strengthen the competitiveness of Korean ports and to develop stable national logistics system.

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