고대 중국어 중간태 범주의 유형

초록

This study explores the Middle Voice Category in ancient Chinese, investigating its syntactic semantic characteristics. Across languages, the middle voice encompasses reflexive, reciprocal, anti-causative, and potential passive constructions. In ancient Chinese, reflexive and reciprocal usages are marked by pronominal adverbs like ‘自’ and ‘相,’ often combined with verbs affecting one’s body or mind. Anti-causative constructions involve reordering the sentence structure, indicating spontaneous events without the passive subject’s will. However, verbs with strong act or spontaneity resist conversion to anti-causative forms. Potential passive constructions use adjectives such as ‘可’, ‘足’, ‘難’, and ‘易,’ omitting the actor to convey non-event and static characteristics. These constructions reflect the expanding meanings of the middle voice category in ancient Chinese, as discussed by Haspelmath (1987), while also suggesting a weakening of the subject’s static nature and the verb's dynamic nature.

키워드