Next-generation MXenes and organic frameworks in coordination with metal sulfides for high-efficiency hydrogen generation: A chemistry benchmark review

초록

The pursuit of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation stands as a promising yet complex endeavor for sustainable energy generation, leveraging solar energy to extract H2 from water. Despite considerable strides in the field, the advancement of competent photocatalysts for H2 generation is still plagued by persistent challenges, including suboptimal photocatalytic efficiency, inadequate stability, and limited light absorption. In this regard, this review delves into next-generation engineering centered on the integration of Ti3C2 MXenes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with metal sulfides, aiming to elevate the performance of photocatalytic H2 generation. Each of these materials is individually recognized for its remarkable characteristics, such as customizable electronic properties, expansive surface area, and inherent photocatalytic activity. When strategically integrated, these materials exhibit synergistic effects that significantly enhance charge separation, optimize light absorption, and amplify catalytic efficiency. The combination of MXenes, MOFs, and COFs with metal sulfides has ushered in notable advancements in photocatalytic H2 generation under visible light, culminating in substantial improvements in both the efficiency and stability of photocatalysts. Additionally, this review compatibly highlights the challenges associated with optimizing the composition and structure of these composite materials, including the efficient coupling of different components, stability under long-term use, and scalability for real-world applications. Finally, future perspectives are provided, emphasizing the need for further innovation in material design, development of novel synthesis techniques, and exploration of new strategies to overcome current limitations, paving the way for high-efficiency H2 generation from renewable sources.

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