17~18세기 러시아와 축치족 간의 전쟁 양상 연구: 세스타코프와 파블루츠키 원정대를 중심으로

초록

During the Cossack army's advance to the east of Siberia to collect yasak, there were several wars with the indigenous peoples, the Koryaks and Itelmen, but their resistance was not strong, so they were able to be subdued relatively easily. However, the Chukchi people's antipathy and hostility toward the Russian army was extremely strong, and they were brave and strong natural warriors, so they could not be easily subdued. In addition, the problems of securing supplies and weapons, the long distance of the expedition, the harsh climate of Siberia, and the lack of essential motivation to conquer eastern Siberia were the reasons why they could not easily win the war against the Chukchi people. The first clash between the Cossacks and the Chukchi occurred in the spring of 1642. During the war between the Shestakov expedition and the Chukchi, the Russin army unexpectedly encountered by a large Chukchi force in 1730 and the leader Shestakov was killed by Chukchi. Pavlutsky fought several battles with the Chukchi, the last of which was in 1747, and in which he died. From the 17th to the 18th century, there were about 40 records of clashes between Cossack troops and the Chukchi, showing that the two forces frequently clashed. In particular, the war of 1730, in which the Cossack commander Shestakov was killed, and the war of 1737, in which the expeditionary commander Pavlutsky was killed, are indicators of how intense the conflicts between Russia and the Chukchi were. Although most of Siberia was conquered by the Russian Empire in the late 18th century, the Chukchi maintained their independence until December 10, 1930, when the Soviet Union established the Chukotka National Prefecture. As such, the Chukchi are the people who have maintained their own identity and independence the longest among the many ethnic groups in Siberia.

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