조선후기 무과급제자의 義務 赴防制와 그 운영 실태

초록

Tensions intensified in the northern frontier of Joseon in the late 16th century as the Jurchens made growth. Beonho Lee Tang-gae's revolt in Hoiryeong, Hamgyeong Province in 1583 fired a flare for ensuing clashes and collisions. As the northern frontier was in turmoil, the royal court of Joseon felt a need to reinforce its defensive force there. One measure that was implemented was to make those who passed the military service examination fulfill compulsory service at the frontier for a year. An additional condition was created for the successful candidates of the military service examination to meet before they entered the world of bureaucracy. The level of need and utility for the successful candidates of the military service examination to serve at the northern frontier continued to be relatively high during the years of high tension at the northern frontier. This explains why the Joseon government rapidly increased the number of successful candidates of the military service examination to solve the crisis at the northern frontier. The utility of serving at the northern frontier gradually dropped, however, as the international order became stabilized with the tension resolved at the northern frontier. A measure began that exempted successful candidates from service at the northern frontier for goods and rice, which gradually increased in proportion and importance. Jebangmi(除防米) was collected on the premise of service at the northern frontier, and its continuance was related to the importance of service there. In the middle of his reign, King Yeongjo improved the system and freed the successful candidates of the military service examination who were not from the noble class from the compulsory service at the northern frontier. Jebangmi, whose premise was service at the northern frontier, was also removed from the collection list. The compulsory service system at the northern frontier was completely abolished following the period of power politics. This study broadened the understanding of the military service examination and its successful candidates by offering explanations about the compulsory service system at the northern frontier for them. The study also examined the rapid growth of successful candidates of the military service examination in the viewpoints of replenishing manpower to defend the borders and increasing the national defensive force.

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