경쟁과 갈등의 자연성과 문화 - 니체의 아곤과 프로이트의 타나토스 개념을 중심으로 -

초록

The aim of this paper is to discuss the cultural-philosophical implications of competition and conflict through Nietzsche ’ s concept of agon and Freud’ s concept of Thanatos. The confrontation, dispute, and conflict implied in competition have long been regarded as forces in opposition to civilization. In particular, modernity has considered the control of excessive competition and conflict as a crucial role of Enlightenment, attempting to achieve this through ethical norms and legal systems. However, it did not take long for people to realize that Enlightenment could be another name for violence, and that competition and conflict originate in human nature. Nietzsche confirms, through Greek culture, that competition and conflict are primal forces in the formation of culture. He argues that the desire to excel stems from human nature, and that the important task is not to eliminate this desire, but to prevent it from leading to a winner-takes-all dynamic. Freud, on the other hand, sees the excessive repression of instinctual drives as returning in the form of neurosis. According to him, the excessive neuroses of modern society are caused by the repression of sexual and aggressive drives in the name of civilization. This paper seeks to explore how competition and conflict function as cultural forces in the thoughts of Nietzsche and Freud, and to reveal the differences in their arguments.

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