전시체제기 조선총독부의 부인동원 관변단체 운영과 그 특징 - 국민정신총동원 조선연맹과 대일본부인회 조선본부를 중심으로 -

초록

This paper focuses on the fact that during the wartime period(1937-1945), the Empire of Japan placed importance on housewives as new targets of mobilization and propaganda. By examining the process of reorganization and integration of government-affiliated organizations under the Japanese Government-General of Korea that carried out the mobilization and propaganda of women, it aims to reveal the operational characteristics of government-affiliated organizations for mobilizing housewives organized in colonial Joseon. In particular, the National Spiritual Mobilization Joseon Federation, the National Total Force Joseon Federation, and the Korean branch of the Japanese Women’s Society were examined as the main entities implementing the wartime housewives mobilization. By analyzing the changes in the housewives mobilization policy according to the reorganization process of each organization, this paper aims to more specifically elucidate the housewives mobilization system implemented on the Korean Peninsula during the wartime period. The National Spiritual Mobilization Joseon Federation, a representative government-affiliated wartime mobilization organization in colonial Joseon, and the National Total Force Joseon Federation, which was reorganized from it, established a ‘Housewives’ Department’ in lower federations and Aegukpan (Patriotic Neighborhood Associations) in response to the need for mobilizing women. The Japanese Government-General of Korea established the Housewives' Department as a unit and medium for mobilizing women. The operation of the Housewives’ Department was carried out in connection with the ‘Housewives’ Guidance Committee’ established in the office of the National Total Force Joseon Federation. The Housewives’ Guidance Committee, consisting of elite Korean and Japanese wives, promoted the cooperation of Korean housewives during the wartime. The activities of the Committee were continued by the Korean branch of the Japanese Women’s Society, a government-affiliated organization that mobilized housewives in line with the Women Development Movement that was implemented in 1942. The Korean branch of the Japanese Women’s Society, an independent organization closely related to the National Total Force Joseon Federation, focused on implementing guidance and propaganda policies and cooperating with the Federation in mobilizing housewives, which further strengthened the mobilization in Joseon. The cooperative system between the Federation and the Korean branch would have been closely organized through overlapping local sub-organizations. Meanwhile, with the establishment of the Korean branch, housewives in colonial Joseon had to belong to both the Federation and the Korean branch. The Japanese Government-General of Korea tried to establish a strong and uniform wartime mobilization system to cope with the wartime situation. As a result, the ‘Housewives’ Department’ and the Korean branch of the Japanese Women’s Society mobilized colonial Joseon housewives based on the National Total Force Movement in an organic and close relationship with the National Total Force Joseon Federation.

키워드