영 · 정조대 救食禮의 의미 변화와 의주의 정비

초록

This study investigates the transformation of Gu-sik Rites(Rituals for Averting Eclipses, 救食禮), the ritual for averting solar and lunar eclipses, during the reigns of Kings Yeongjo(英祖) and Jeongjo(正祖) in eighteenth-century Joseon, with a particular focus on shifts in its political significance. In the Joseon dynasty, state rituals functioned as condensed expressions of political and cultural ideals, and the process of their codification and implementation reflected the political intentions of the sovereign. As a type of military rite (gunrye, 軍禮) within the traditional Orye (Five Rites, 五禮) system, Gu-sik Rites was regularly conducted throughout the dynasty in response to eclipses. However, the 18th century witnessed a series of notable changes to this ritual practice, spurred by advances in astronomical knowledge and the increasing politicization of royal ceremonies. Under King Yeongjo, a new format of royal participation was institutionalized, and the Chinrim Gu-il-sik-ui ( Ritual for Averting Eclipses with Royal Participation, 親臨救日食儀) was included in the “Gukjo Sok Oryeui (國朝續五禮儀)”. This reform detailed the king’s ceremonial attire and movement, the reporting procedures of the Royal Astronomical Bureau (Gwan-sanggam), and the use of ritual instruments. As such, the ritual served not only to verify the precision of astronomical predictions but also to manifest the monarch’s authority and ideological posture. During the reign of King Jeongjo, a separate protocol for lunar eclipses was formally introduced for the first time as Gu-wol-sik-ui (Ritual for Averting a Lunar Eclipse, 救月食儀) in the “Chungwan Tonggo(春官通考)”. This addition demonstrates how Gu-sikrye evolved into a state rite equipped with both symbolic and institutional significance, transcending its earlier role as a reactive measure against omens. By analyzing the textual evolution of ritual protocols and their actual performances, this study elucidates how royal rituals in late Joseon were strategically reconfigured to reflect scientific rationality and reinforce the king’s political authority.

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