Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Environmental Sources near Cattle Farms in Korea

초록

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian protozoan parasite, infects diverse hosts, including humans and livestock. Transmission occurs primarily through the fecal-oral route or exposure to contaminated environmental sources, such as water and soil. While its prevalence in animals is well documented, data on environmental contamination-particularly in areas surrounding livestock farms-remain limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the presence of E. bieneusi in environmental sources near cattle farms in Korea, evaluating potential risks for zoonotic transmission. Overall, 364 environmental samples (soil and water) were collected from areas surrounding cattle farms and analyzed using nested PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of E. bieneusi. One positive sample (0.3%) was identified in surface water near a shed housing Korean native cattle during autumn. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis identified the sequence as originating from genotype BEB1, a Group 2 genotype commonly associated with ruminants and recognized for its zoonotic potential. While the detection rate was low, this represents the first report of E. bieneusi contamination in water near cattle housing and the first identification of BEB1 in environmental water in Korea. These findings highlight the potential for environmental transmission, emphasizing the need for further research and monitoring to inform strategies for public health and livestock biosecurity.

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