하이데거의 사유에서 철학과 신학의 관계

초록

Although the relationship between theology and philosophy is not a central theme in Heidegger’s philosophy, the discussion of their relation offers a highly significant perspective from which to survey his entire thought. This paper will attempt a focused analysis and interpretation of “Phenomenology and Theology” as offering that perspective. First, there will be a discussion of an attempt, from the standpoint of fundamental ontology, to newly clarify the positivity and scientific character of theology as distinguished from other disciplines, and through this, to newly reconstitute the relation to philosophy. Here it will be shown that theology acquires positivity and scientific character through existential choice regarding the Christian event, and through individuality and historicity that follow from it. In this context, the existential experience of faith—namely “rebirth”and“sin”—will be analyzed, showing that philosophy (which treats existential possibility in general) can play a “corrective guidance” role. Then, from the viewpoint of the constitutive framework of ontology‑theology, there will be a critique of metaphysical theism, the dogmatic theological reception by philosophy, and speculative theology; and weaving in the turnings of Heidegger’s later philosophy (his philosophy of language, technology, and art), the distinctiveness of theological thinking and speaking will be considered. Through this, theology will be delineated as a discipline grounded in existential self‑understanding of the Christian event—hence historical in its essence—and as a discipline with modes of thought and speech that are distinguished from scientific objectification, rather than as a system of pseudo‑theology borrowing from philosophy or other disciplines.

키워드