18세기 후반～19세기 척사의 정치ㆍ사회적 활용과 평택향교사건

초록

During the period of King Jeongjo, Geunginamin was divided into Chae Je-gong line and Mok Man-jung line, and Mok Man-jung line attacked Chae Je-gong line under the pretext of believing in Catholicism by Chae Je-gong line. The political forces that attacked the Chae Je-gong line on the charge of believing in Catholicism were not limited to the Mok Man-jung line. Noron Byeokpa is a case in point. This is because the Noron Byeokpa needed to check the Chae Je-gong line, which had a considerable disagreement over various political issues. The representative Chae Je-gong line member who was accused of believing in Catholicism was Lee Seung-hun. Since the Catholic issue became public, Lee Seung-hun has always been pointed out as a key member in Catholicism. The Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident can be said to be an extreme incident in which the attack on Lee Seung-hun was revealed. The ostensible reason for the Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident was the controversy over whether Lee Seung-hun bowed to the Munmyo of Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo, but behind it was the issue of Lee Seung-hun’s belief in Catholicism. In other words, suspicions were raised that Lee Seung-hun, who worshiped the Cheonju, did not intentionally bow to the Munmyo. The Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident can be said to be a case in which Hyeongam Lee Seung-hun was involved in the conflict between the Guyu and the Shinyu in Pyeongtaek. The issue was whether Lee Seung-hun bowed to the Munmyo of Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo. At this time, Cho Sang-bon, Kwon Wi, Jeong Eon-taek of the Shinyu argued that Hyeongam Lee Seung-hun, who was cooperative with the Guyu, did not bow to the Munmyo, and the reason was Lee Seung-hun’s belief in Catholicism. In Catholicism, the Cheonju was worshipped. Therefore, Confucius, who was enshrined in the Munmyo, could not be the object of worship. It was argued that Lee Seung-hun’s refusal to bow to Munmyo originated from this Catholic doctrine. In other words, the Shinyu members in Pyeongtaek attacked Lee Seung-hun, who was friendly to the Guyu members, on charges of believing in Catholicism in order to take the initiative and secure a social position in Pyeongtaek, and on the contrary, they thoroughly emphasized the position of the Cheoksa, arguing that Catholicism should be strictly controlled. Meanwhile, King Jeongjo concluded the case by judging that the Shinyu members of Pyeongtaek had framed Lee Seung-hun for the Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident and punishing the Shinyu members of Pyeongtaek. However, in the early King Sunjo period, the Noron Byeokpa and Queen Jeongsun actively punished Catholics and other Chae Je-gong line who were suspected of believing in Catholicism based on the punishmentist Catholicism measures. The Noron Byeokpa’s removal of Chae Je-gong line went hand in hand with the work of overturning King Jeongjo’s disposition on the past Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident. As a result, Kwon Wi, a Shinyu member of Pyeongtaek who died while being investigated for framing Lee Seung-hun during the Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident, regained his honor. The Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident, which was re-evaluated in the early King Sunjo period, is discussed once again in terms of strengthening Cheoksa after the Gihaesaok of the King Heonjong period. During the reign of King Heonjong, the government increased Kwon Wi’s position, who was strict about rejecting Catholicism before and after the Gihaesaok, and as a result, Kwon Wi’s symbolism in Cheoksa was further strengthened. Furthermore, Cho Sang-bon and Jeong Eon-taek are commendation at the request of Confucian scholars from Chungcheongdo. As a result, the re-evaluation of the Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident has been strengthened compared to the King Sunjo period. In addition, there must have been a purpose for the Confucian scholars of Chungcheongdo to strengthen their position in Pyeongtaek and other Chungcheongdo by taking advantage of the cause of a Cheoksa whose importance was more emphasized at the time. Meanwhile, even in the late 19th century, the Pyeongtaek Hyanggyo incident was used for the purpose of strengthening the cause of the Cheoksa. Song Byeong-seon emphasized Cho Sang-bon’s critical attitude toward Catholicism, which is also related to the situation in which Catholicism spread greatly in the 19th century. It can be said that Song Byeong-seon reinforced the cause of Cheoksa by emphasizing Cho Sang-bon’s Cheoksa activities in the reality of the 19th century, when Catholicism was spreading further.

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