『菩提場所說一字頂輪王經』의 板本 校勘 硏究*- 고려 초조·재조본과 송·요 계통 자료의 비교를 중심으로 -

초록

This study reexamines the Bodhimaṇḍa-nirdeśa-ekākṣara-uṣṇīṣa-cakravarti-rāja Sūtra (hereafter Ekākṣara Uṣṇīṣa Sūtra), a key Esoteric Buddhist scripture translated by Amoghavajra (705–774) and preserved in both the First (Chojang/國本) and Second (Jaejang) editions of the Goryeo Tripiṭaka. Previous scholarship has focused on macro-level bibliography, leaving the text-critical reconstruction of this individual scripture—particularly its ritual and mantric strata—largely underexplored. The analysis draws on (1) the Goryeo Chojang and Jaejang editions, (2) Song–Liao witnesses including danben/danziben, and (3) Japanese fragments such as the Nanzen-ji holdings. Special attention is given to the bibliographic and collation records in the Gyojeong beollok (高麗國新雕大藏校正別錄) and Xu Zhengyuan luzang (續貞元錄藏). Physical-bibliographic data (fascicle and sheet counts, page frames, line/character matrices, paratextual features) are systematized. A normalized fivefold variant taxonomy—異 (substitution), 脫 (omission), 衍 (addition), 倒 (transposition), 到 (intrusive displacement)—supports quantitative mapping of textual instability by fascicle. Three major dislocations and omissions in Chojang fascicle 1 are identified; the Gyojeong beollok restores the proper narrative and doctrinal flow, and the Xu Zhengyuan luzang provides independent corroboration. Variant density peaks in the ritual/mantric sections: fasc. 1 = 21, fasc. 2 = 35, fasc. 4 = 66, fasc. 5 = 22, with fasc. 4–5 showing both the highest counts and the broadest error-type spectrum. Reassessment of the prevailing hypothesis that the Chojang edition was based exclusively on the Xu Zhengyuan luzang reveals instead a hybrid collation ecology—Goryeo editors cross-checked multiple Song–Liao witnesses alongside jinglu catalogues rather than relying on a single base text. The Ekākṣara Uṣṇīṣa Sūtra exemplifies how Goryeo compilers combined bibliographic standardization with ritual pragmatism: textual authority was secured through multi-witness collation, while local ritual practice shaped redactional choices, especially in fascicles 4–5. This study clarifies stemmatic relations within the Goryeo Tripiṭaka, challenges the one-base-text hypothesis, and proposes a digital-philological workflow integrating variant tagging with conservation metadata to advance research on tantric liturgy, mandala iconography, and East Asian textual transmission.

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