몰리브데넘의 제련과 리사이클링

초록

Molybdenum (Mo) is a rare refractory metal produced in a few countries, including China. This study reviews the technologies associated with the production, utilization, smelting, and recycling of Mo. The global annual output of Mo is approximately 260 000 tons, with approximately 71% utilized as an alloying element in steel. The remaining portion is used either as metallic Mo or as a catalyst in the petrochemical industry. Metallic Mo is produced through the hydrogen reduction of MoO3, whereas ferromolybdenum is produced via metallothermic reduction. However, the direct reduction of MoS2 has also been investigated. As most Mo-containing iron scraps are recycled through melting in electric arc furnace, recycling efforts primarily target waste catalysts and pickling effluents. Mo from waste catalyst is recovered through hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, or hybrid metallurgical processes. However, these methods present challenges related to consumption, environmental impact, and process efficiency. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly recycling technologies should be prioritized in future research.

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