소나무 수관 층위별 솔잎혹파리 충영 형성률의 예측 모델

초록

This study investigated gall formation in Pinus densiflora caused by Thecodiplosis japonensis, focusing on differences among canopy layers. In October 2024, twenty P. densiflora trees of similar heights were randomly selected from a forest stand infested by T. japonensis in Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. In total, 60,028 needles were sampled from the lower (3-4 m), middle (5-6 m), and upper (7-8 m) canopy layers. Galls were primarily located near the needle base, although some were also found in the middle portion, and each gall typically contained approximately two larvae. Needles with galls were on average 5 cm shorter than healthy needles. Heatmap analysis revealed a clear concentration of galls in the upper canopy. Gall formation across canopy layers was analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial distribution. According to the results, 51.0%, 31.1%, and 23.0% of gall formation occurred in the upper, middle, and lower layers, respectively, revealing significant differences among the layers (p < 0.05). The predicted pattern of gall formation was consistent with these observations. The prediction model using gall formation in the lower and middle layers exhibited greater predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.67) than models using the lower (R2 = 0.37) or middle layer alone (R2 = 0.57). These results provide fundamental data for establishing survey standards within canopies for T. japonensis monitoring and management.

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