지배와 협력 사이: 기원전 2세기∼기원후 3세기 국제 정세 변화와 ‘옥저·예’의 대응

초록

This article explores how Okjeo and Ye responded to changes in the international order from the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. While earlier studies have portrayed them as passive groups under Wiman Joseon, the Han commanderies, and Goguryeo, this study emphasizes their agency as strategic actors. Using the Shiji, Hanshu, Hou Hanshu, and the Sanguozhi, it examines their choices amid the fall of Wiman Joseon, the establishment and restructuring of Han commanderies, the creation and abolition of the Eastern Commandery Protector, and Goguryeo’s growing pressure. The analysis shows that Okjeo pursued autonomy by relying on the samno (local elder) system, whereas Ye cooperated with Han commandery structures through the Bullei Marquis to secure privileges. These divergent strategies explain why Okjeo was incorporated into Goguryeo relatively early, while Ye preserved a degree of independence longer by balancing ties with both the Han and Goguryeo. The study thus reframes Okjeo and Ye not as passive peripheries but as active participants in East Asian interstate relations.

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