Response mechanism of plant stresses to secondary metabolites production

초록

Secondary metabolites (SM) in plants are not only an essential source of natural compounds, but they also play an essential part in the plant's defense mechanism against infections and other environmental hazards. This is because SMs can encapsulate and transport natural compounds throughout the plant. The fields of medicine and cooking both make extensive use of plant-derived chemicals for a variety of reasons, including the production of pharmaceuticals and food additives. These substances have a wide range of applications in both of these fields. The formation and accumulation of SM can be influenced by a wide variety of factors, including but not limited to genetic, ontogenic, morphogenic, and environmental factors. Every one of the millions of secondary metabolites that plants create has the potential to perform a broad variety of tasks, including the ability to cause damage to eukaryotic organisms. Secondary metabolites are produced in large quantities by bacteria and other eukaryotic organisms, and these metabolites are consumed by the organisms themselves. Plants frequently utilize the apoplast or other specialized organelles such as the vacuole, in addition to a variety of self-tolerance mechanisms, to combat the poisons that they are exposed to. To produce these bioactive molecules successfully, it is necessary for the transport and self-tolerance mechanisms that are found in microbes and plants to collaborate closely with the biosynthetic enzymes that are involved. An extensive study has been conducted to identify and define the proteins that are responsible for transport and self-tolerance in a wide variety of viral illnesses. As a result of this discovery, several hypotheses concerning the physiological functions of various transporters have been developed. In addition to a summary of recent discoveries made in the fields of transport and self-tolerance research, this report features an up-to-date list of transporters that are categorized according to the substrates they move. If this information is utilized in the future, synthetic biology may one day be able to produce secondary metabolites that are of practical utility. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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