인공지능은 비인간 존재인가?: 인간을 닮은 기계, 인간 외부의 존재

초록

Is artificial intelligence a nonhuman being? To address this question, this paper first distinguishes between the inhuman and the nonhuman, and traces the technical genealogy of AI to examine how these two dimensions have been instantiated across different stages — from symbolic AI and connectionism to today’s large language models. It argues that, throughout its history, AI has operated as an inhuman force sustaining human-centered order, while simultaneously intensifying nonhuman elements that unsettle that order. Focusing on this overlapping tension, the paper analyzes how the relation between inhumanness and nonhumanness has taken distinct forms and undergone transitions across AI’s developmental phases. Thinking AI at this boundary, through its concrete technical formations, this paper ultimately raises the ontological possibility of a technical nonhuman and extends this inquiry toward a critique of anthropocentrism.

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