Effect of Phytohormones on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation

초록

Nitrogen fixation occurs through association of leguminous crops (FaFaCuRo clade; Fa-bales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, Rosales) (Raza et al. 2020) with rhizobia bacteria (nitrogen fixing) by making nodules (specialized organ for bacteria living and fixing nitrogen) (Desbrosses and Stougaard 2011, Ferguson et al. 2010, Oldroyd 2013). Due to such an association, legumes (almost 60 million years ago) were able to absorb a higher amount of CO 2 from the air than other crops due to the presence of nitrogen (Sprent 2007). This symbiotic relationship gets more particular from Rhizobium bacteria entry through injured points of roots to enter through contagion filaments (without lateral roots), which led to nodule development, which enhances nitrogen fixing in auspicious environments (Sprent 2008). The combination of several functions led to nodule development, such as injury of the host crop providing an entry point, nutrients, and metabolite interchange in storage organs (due to confined gene appearance), nitrogenase action (in less oxygen areas), and native easing of shielding reactions (Breakspear et al. 2014, Clarke et al. 2014, Benezech et al. 2020). Nodule formation occurs by various elastic progressive series (Fig. 1). © 2024 CRC Press.