리의 사회적 실현을 위한 퇴계와 율곡의 실천론

초록

The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences between Toegye and Yulgok's theories of political practice by analyzing them in relation to their theories of human nature and mind. Both Toegye and Yulgok sought to realize the politics of a sage king, which implies that the political goal is the societal realization of li(理). However, there are differences in the practical approaches they proposed to achieve this common objective, and these differences stem from their divergent views on the theory of human nature and mind. The theory of human nature systematizes the structure of the human mind in order to realize li, the basis of moral goodness, at the personal and social levels. Therefore, differences in this theory lead to differences in the principles and methods of practice for realizing li. In other words, Toegye's theory of political practice is structured according to the principle by which li operates, while Yulgok's theory of political practice is structured according to the principle by which Gi(氣) operates. In Toegye's philosophy, the dynamism of li indicates that the moral mind is the result of the active operation of li. Consequently, the societal realization of li through the ruler's mind is also based on the operation of li, and this characteristic serves as the foundation for structuring his theory of political practice. In Yulgok's philosophy, the agent that realizes li is Gi. Therefore, rectifying Gi becomes the fundamental principle for realizing li in society, and the specific practical methods are also systematized based on this principle.

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