농업용 트랙터 부하 및 성능에 영향을 미치는 요인의 분류에 관한 연구

초록

Agricultural tractors are versatile machines, and their performance and load characteristics are significantly influenced by a variety of operating, implement, and environmental factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing field performance, designing electric powertrains, and enhancing the accuracy of emission predictions. This study aimed to systematically identify and categorize the key factors that affect tractor workload and performance in field conditions. The factors were divided into three groups: tractor-related factors, implement-related factors, and external environmental factors. Within each group, both adjustable and non-adjustable variables were analyzed based on their physical characteristics and controllability during field operations. The analysis identified engine speed, travel speed, PTO rotation speed, hydraulic operation, and work pattern as the primary adjustable variables directly impacting tractor load. In contrast, engine torque curve, manufacturing year, and fuel type were identified as structural constraints. Among the implement-related factors, implement type and tillage depth were found to exert the most significant influence, with plowing and rotary tillage showing the highest load ratios (70-90%). Key external factors—such as soil properties, moisture content, cone index, and slope—were recognized as critical non-adjustable variables affecting traction and traction force. The proposed classification system lays a foundational framework for designing tractor performance evaluation tests, estimating emission factors, and developing simulation models or digital twins for agricultural machinery.

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