한주학파 허유와 성재학파 박치복의 심론 고찰

초록

This article reveals theoretical differences by examining the mind theory of Heo Yu (1833–1904), a representative thinker from the Hanju School, and his contemporary, Park Chi-bok (1824–1894) of the Seongjae School. Park Chi-bok was a member of the Toegye School in the 19th century, and active in the Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The main characteristic of Heo Yu’s mind theory lies in the concept of Simjeokri (心卽理 the mind is precisely principles). Of course, even at this time, it was not understood as lack of Gi (氣 internal energy), but because instead it was thought that the mind must be Ri (理 principled) in order to preside over one body, Heo Yu thereby insisted on Simjeokri. The key characteristic of Park Chi-bok’s mind theory was the notion of Simhaprigi (心合理氣 the mind is a combination of principles and internal energy). While acknowledging the driver of mental deliberation as Ri, he acknowledged the role of Gi as actions which realized those deliberations. Above all, Ri was understood as unrealizable without Gi, and if the mind was kept straight, as indicated by Simjeokri, studying as an aspect of one’s training in Neo-confucianism would no longer be necessary. In this way, the theoretical differences between these theories of mind lead to different regulations on humans, indicating that Heo Yu likely interpreted human nature as fundamentally good (consistent with Mencius’s viewpoint), in terms of the essential aspect of deliberation, whereas Park Chi-bok interpreted human nature in practical aspects as being a mixture of good and evil. In the end, the difference is not overly significant because they both viewed Ri as the best principle and value and thought of its realization as the final goal of study. However, as a point of nuance, it can be seen that they had different ideas about how to implement and realize it in reality. This is the main theoretical difference between Heo Yu’s Simjeokri and Park Chi-bok’s Simhaprigi, and at the same time, this is a characteristic of the Yeongnam School, which is distinguished from the Kiho school’s idea of Simjeokgi (心卽氣 the mind is precisely internal energy).

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