Measurement of physical and contact properties of garlic bulbs for computational modeling

초록

Aim of this study was to measure the physical and interaction parameters between garlic bulbs and contact materials for use in discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Garlic bulbs were classified into three size groups—small, medium, and large—and their geometric dimensions (width and height), weight, water content, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of restitution were measured. These parameter values were obtained using standard measurement tools and established test methods. As the size category increased, the bulbs showed a clear increasing trend in width (4.29 - 5.88 cm), height (3.12 - 3.78 cm), and weight (39.1 - 73.0 g). Experimental results showed that the static friction coefficient increased with bulb size, ranging from 0.3806 - 0.4499 for metal, 0.5834 - 0.6043 for soil, and 0.5427 - 0.6215 for rubber. In contrast, the coefficient of restitution decreased with increasing bulb size, with values ranging from 0.3646 - 0.3979 for metal, 0.2079 - 0.2514 for soil, and 0.2951 - 0.3699 for rubber, while no distinct trend was observed for garlic–garlic collisions (0.8668 - 0.8869). These findings indicated that both material type and bulb size significantly influenced contact behavior, highlighting the need for precise, condition-specific parameter inputs for accurate DEM simulations. The parameters and their trends derived from this study are expected to serve as fundamental reference data for future DEM-based analyses of garlic–machine interactions.

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