조선후기 노비제 개혁과 奴婢·奴婢主의 대응 방식

초록

This study focuses on "Asianism," which emerged after the Meiji Restoration, to elucidate the ideological causes of the Asia-Pacific War. It analyzes how it intertwined with the theory of Asian dominance. Asianism was a consistent trend in Japan's foreign policy during the Asia-Pacific War. Initially, Asianism stemmed from Japan's desire to forge alliances with China and Korea to defend against invasion by Western powers. However, as it became associated with expansionism, it became the basis for the theory of Asian dominance rather than Asian solidarity. Therefore, Japanese Asianism is closely tied to imperialist logic. Consequently, Japan has waged constant war since the modern era. Japan's belief that small nations like its own could not achieve independence and that the world would soon become polarized between the great powers and their colonies led Japan to pursue continental invasion and ceaseless war. This study analyzes the ideology of Shumei Okawa, a Class A war criminal and known as the "brain of Japanese militarism." His Asianism is intertwined with diverse political positions and constantly evolves in response to Japan's changing international standing. Initially, he advocated for solidarity with China and other Asian countries to resist pressure from Western powers and liberate Asia from their oppression. Conversely, his emphasis on Japan's leading role in Asia is a characteristic of Japanese Asianism. In addition, the effect of the national slave reform on the slaves' escape, the number of slaves owned by slave owners, and the slave price was empirically analyzed. As a result, the effect of the slave reform on the slave escape and slave price was significant. This indicates that the slave class and slave owners responded actively to the slave reform. In particular, the effect of the slave reform on the slave price was shown to be greater in the indirect effect through the escape of slaves and the decrease in demand for slaves by slave owners than the effect of a decrease in the number of slaves. In the late Joseon Dynasty, slaves were restricted or excluded from everyday rights such as freedom of movement, property rights, jurisdiction, marriage and family formation, and career choice. In 1731, due to the government's reform of the slave system and the implementation of various friendly policies for slaves, slaves' self-consciousness grew further. As the resistance to slaves' unemployment and flight became stronger, the use of gogong or sharecropper rather than slaves in agricultural production increased as the cost of monitoring slaves for slave owners increased. As a result, the possession of slaves by the yangban class decreased and the price of slaves decreased. After the abolition of the public slave system in 1801, the escape of slaves also decreased sharply with little difference in status and economy between slaves and gogong. As a result, the price of slaves continued to decline after 1731, but it showed a U-shape that increased again after 1801. This means that slaves' prices fell as the slaves fled increased due to the change in the slave system, but slaves' prices also recovered as the slaves' escape decreased after the abolition of the public slave system in 1801. As a result of the review so far, it empirically supports Finlay and Fenoaltea's research explaining the process of converting the forced labor method using slaves to voluntary employed labor. Since the 1731 reform of the slave system, the monitoring cost of forced laborers has increased, and the yangban class has reduced slave ownership and expanded employment labor that instead provides compensation incentive wages. This study is meaningful in that it not only explains the process of transitioning from slave labor to employment labor in the pre-modern social class, but also is an attempt to empirically analyze the multi-faceted response method of the state, slave, and yangban class following the reform of the slave system.

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