조선시대 生辰祭 예학 담론 변천 연구 -16세기 비판에서 17세기 절충으로-

초록

This study aims to examine the transformation of ritual discourse(Yehak Damnon) concerning Saengsinje—memorial rites performed on the birthday of the deceased—a subject of continuous debate throughout the Joseon Dynasty's ritual history. Focusing particularly on the formative and early transitional periods of the 16th and 17th centuries, this research analyzes ritual texts(Yehakseo) to trace the evolution of intellectual perceptions and debates surrounding Saengsinje. Despite being criticized as a 'non-canonical ritual'(Birye) lacking foundation in canonical texts like the Jujagarye(Family Rituals of Zhu Xi), Saengsinje persisted tenaciously. This study investigates the reasons for this persistence and how ritual discourse adapted by focusing on the 16th century, when initial critiques were established, and the 17th century, when compromises began to emerge. Yehakseo were chosen as the primary source to best track the formal scholarly discourse and normative consciousness of the intellectual elite. The analysis reveals that the 16th century saw the establishment of a critical discourse(Biryeseol), primarily led by Yi Hwang, defining Saengsinje as a 'non-canonical ritual'(Biryejillye). Concurrently, however, performing rites for deceased parents on one's own birthday gained acceptance, justified as an expression of filial piety(Hyo) and human sentiment (Injeong), displaying a dualistic approach. In the 17th century, while this critical stance persisted, more complex perspectives appeared, exemplified by figures like Song Si-yeol who raised practical concerns regarding its performance. Furthermore, active efforts were made to find compromises, allowing Saengsinje within the ritual framework under specific circumstances, such as during the three-year mourning period(Samnyeonsang) or by combining it with canonical seasonal rites(Sije). This discursive evolution demonstrates that Joseon Yehak(Ritual Studies) was not merely a rigid system of norms but engaged dynamically with deep-rooted customary practices(Sokrye) and human emotions(Injeong). This study contributes to expanding the scope of Yehak research to include non-canonical rituals, illuminating the tension and negotiation between formal ritual principles(Rye) and popular customs(Sok), and between norms and sentiments(Injeong). It thus offers a new perspective on Joseon Yehak and intellectual history.

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