Facile Fabrication of Ultralight Magnetic Graphene/Hollow Microsphere Aerogels for High Performance Shielding of Electromagnetic Wave, Heat, and Sound

초록

To address escalating concerns over electromagnetic, thermal, and acoustic pollution, this study proposes a scalable strategy for directly constructing ultralight (33.1 mg cm-3) multifunctional aerogels with a bilayer architecture. The aerogels are fabricated by integrating FeCo-coated hollow microspheres (FeCo@HM) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) networks. The resulting material exhibits exceptional performance in multiple aspects. For the 80 wt.% FeCo@HM composites, its specific electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SSE) reaches 3931.5 dB cm2 g-1, with 74.8% of this effectiveness attributed to absorption. Additionally, it has an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.037 W m-1 K-1 and superior sound absorption, with a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.62. The hierarchical porous architecture and magneto-dielectric synergistic loss mechanism effectively prolong electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation paths and suppress secondary radiation. Additionally, the aerogel demonstrated robust Joule heating properties and infrared stealth capability. This work introduces a novel paradigm for next-generation intelligent shielding materials, while its low-cost, scalable fabrication process overcomes the manufacturing limitations of traditional aerogel production.

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