1920~30년대 顧詰剛의 ‘新史學’과 中華民族論의 궤적

초록

This article reexamines the relationship between historian Gu Jie-gang's New History and his reconstruction of the discourse on “Chinese nation” by focusing on the internal tensions and changes over modern history in the 1920s and 30s. The article focuses on the 1920s, represented by the May Fourth Movement, and the 1930s, beginning with the establishment of the Nationalist government in Nanjing, as important points of distinction for tracing the changes in Gu's attitudes toward scholarship and national discourse. In doing so, the article examines how Chinese nationalism was reconstructed and its trajectory of change from the May Fourth Movement to the Nationalist government in Nanjing within the context of the ideological currents of the time. Chapter 2 examines the characteristics of the New History that sought to establish academic rigor and scientificity during the May Fourth Movement, and identifies the pluralistic nature of nationalism as a result. Chapter 3 examines the internal logic behind the initiation of Historical Geography as an active practice “saving the nation through scholarship” before and after the 1930s, and what changes occurred in the discussion on Chinese nation in the process. More specifically, Gu Jie-gang, who had advocated writing a new national history in the 1920s by overthrowing the idol of ancient history that presupposed the unity of the nation and the continuity of the Chinese territory, de facto withdrew his alternative position in the 1930s and sought to establish a new national concept of “Chinese nation” as a mono-ethnic theory that ensured the unity of the people and the nation. Although he tried to maintain the attitude of “scientific history” that he had advocated throughout the May Fourth Movement, and although there were continuities in his pluralistic ethnic perception in the 1930s, he retreated from his earlier ethnic perception in that the diverse histories of the non-Han peoples were recognized only to the extent that they provided dynamism to the formation of the national ethnicity, the “Chinese nation”.

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