Ammonia Emissions, Soil Chemical Properties and Fruit Quality According to the Soil Supply of Urea and Organic Fertilizer in a 'Campbell Early' Vineyard

초록

This study was carried out in order to investigate ammonia emissions, soil chemical properties and fruit quality according to urea fertilizer (UR) and organic fertilizer (OF) applications under a rain-proof cultivation system in an 'Campbell Early' vineyard. The results showed that ammonia emissions in the UR2 (200 kg N<middle dot>ha-1) plot began to increase rapidly from the first day of the treatment, peaked at the maximum level (1.38 kg N<middle dot>ha-1<middle dot>day-1) on the seventh day, and then gradually decreased, after which the emissions increased again on the twenty-first day and then has gradually decreased. The plot treated with OF4 (454 kg N<middle dot>ha-1) reached a maximum emission level of 1.22 kg N<middle dot>ha-1 day-1 on the first day of application, and then gradually decreased. The cumulative ammonia emissions (NH3<middle dot>ha-1 per season) for 155 days after soil application of the UR2 and OF4 fertilizers were 141.3 kg for the UR2 plot, and 161.1 kg for the OF4 plot. There were no differences in soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, OM, or T-N between the treatments. However, the P concentration in the leaf stalk of the OF4 plot was higher than those of the other plots. The K concentration of the fruit skin was also higher in the OF3 plot than in the untreated plot. Yields were increased by 15.1%, 17.9, and 18.5% in the UR2, OF3, and OF4 cases, respectively, whereas there were no differences in the fruit quality at harvest. In this study, an organic fertilizer was found to increase fruit yields, although it increased ammonia emissions as well. Therefore, we recommend that an appropriate source and appropriate amount ofN should be carefully applied to increase fruit yields while reducing ammonia emissions during cultivation in 'Campbell Early' vineyards.

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