세이프 스포츠(Safe Sport) 프레임에서 본 운동선수의 심리적 폭력 경험과 대처

초록

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is implementing measures to reinforce its ‘Safe Sport’ policy and encourage National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to do the same. Although harassment and abuse are fundamental components of “Safe Sport” and are conceptualized as “psychological, physical, and sexual violence, as well as neglect,” the concept of “psychological violence” in sports remains largely unexplored. This study examined national team athletes’ experiences with psychological violence in their interactions with coaches and the coping strategies they employed. Five athletes, either currently on the national team or retired within the last three years, participated in the study. The athletes were prompted to reflect on memorable experiences with coaches, from past to present, and specific statements were collected to identify common occurrences. The findings revealed that psychological violence experienced by elite athletes can manifest in various ways, such as accusations, insults, threats, gender discrimination, neglect, exclusion, creating a negative team atmosphere, routine monitoring, punitive training, exercising unjust authority, and self-centered coaching. Additionally, the coping strategies of elite athletes confronting psychological violence were identified as including silence and endurance, self-protection, utilizing social relationships, and seeking assistance from external organizations. This study presents empirical cases that contribute to a deeper understanding of situations that compromise an athlete's dignity. These situations extend beyond the conventional framework of verbal abuse and serve as a foundation for the manifestation of psychological violence.

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