秦漢時代 토지측량을 둘러싼 국가의 의도와 그 정치적 함의--산술문헌의 算題 분석을 중심으로

초록

This study focuses on analyzing the role of land surveying during the Qin and Han dynasties and the political intentions embedded within it. While land surveying is generally understood as a technical process carried out for tax assessment and administrative purposes, this research interprets it not merely as an administrative procedure, but as a mechanism for the expansion and control of state power. During the Qin and Han periods, the state sought to systematically manage the empire’s resources and population through the collection and documentation of land information. In particular, this study reveals how the concepts of tifeng(提封) and yuditu(輿地圖) demonstrate the state’s efforts to collect land data on a nationwide scale and utilize it as part of an administrative cartographic system. Land surveying functioned not only as a means to identify arable land but also served as foundational data for administrative zoning and tax operations. Through this, the study analyzes how the state aimed to seize and manage land across the empire. Various calculations of land area and tax assessments found in mathematical texts are seen not as mere exercises in arithmetic, but as reflections of the administrative demands faced by officials at the time. Concepts such as increased land(益田) and reduced land(減田) suggest that the numerical figures recorded in documents often held more significance than the actual physical size of the land. This indicates that the state’s primary objective in land surveying was not simply the measurement of physical space, but the maximization of effectiveness in tax operations and administrative control. Through this analysis, the study argues that land surveying in the Qin and Han dynasties was not just a technical matter, but an administrative mechanism directly linked to state governance strategies. In doing so, it seeks to expand our understanding of the administrative system and governance practices in ancient China.

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