삼국시대 거제도에 대한 고고학적 연구

초록

This study aims to classify the archaeological features of Geoje Island during the Three Kingdoms period by chronological phases and to reassess the island’s political and geographical significance through its cultural transitions. Although archaeological research on Geoje had long been relatively neglected due to rapid industrialization and urban development, recent excavations at sites such as Dundeok Fortress, Oksan Fortress, and the Banghari Burial Mounds have laid a foundation for more concrete understanding of the island’s archaeological characteristics. The archaeological remains of Geoje during the Three Kingdoms period are analyzed in three phases: Phase I (3rd–4th century), Phase II (5th–early 6th century), and Phase III (mid-6th century onward). In Phase I, the material culture is primarily associated with Ara Gaya, and the Ajudong site presents evidence of Mahan and Haji-style pottery, suggesting the presence of a multinational trading zone. In Phase II, Sogaya-style pottery is found in the Banghari Burial Mounds, although the tomb construction differs from typical Sogaya stone-cist burials. The Jangmok tomb, believed to have been built for an individual of northern Kyushu origin, offers burial data that point to activities beyond simple trade. In Phase III, Silla’s expansion is evidenced by the widespread construction of Silla-style stone chamber tombs and fortresses across the island. The discovery of gold, silver, and bronze belt fittings in the Banghari and Ajudong tombs highlights Geoje’s growing status as a strategic maritime outpost under Silla control. Through typological analysis of key artifacts and examination of site locations, this study reveals that Geoje was not merely a peripheral island, but a key node within the southeastern maritime exchange network. In particular, based on the Port City-State Model (港市國家論), the Ajudong site is defined as an early-stage trading port. The subsequent construction of the Jangmok tomb and the burial goods from the Banghari and Ajudong mounds provide archaeological evidence of Geoje’s evolving role and status within the coastal network following its incorporation into Silla’s territory. By systematizing the archaeological features of each phase, this research seeks to clearly define the archaeological and historical significance of Geoje Island during the Three Kingdoms period. The findings confirm that Geoje functioned not only as a regional island but also as a political and cultural intersection point between Ara Gaya, Sogaya, and Silla, and as a central maritime hub connecting the coastal routes between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago.

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