대원제국의 강남 경영 - 『운산일기』를 통해서 본 원대 사대부의 일상과 기억 -

초록

This study examines the Yuan Empire's governance of Jiangnan, the daily practices of Yuan literati, and the subsequent formation of cultural memory through Guo Bi's (郭畀, 1280–1335) Yunshan Diary. The governance of Jiangnan and the lived experience of literati under the Yuan Empire revealed complex dynamics that cannot be reduced to a simple dichotomy of ruler and ruled. Three specific areas illustrate this complexity: the flexible enforcement of alcohol prohibition, the responses of literati to the abolition of the civil service examinations, and the transformative effects of urban infrastructure expansion on their daily lives. These examples demonstrate how Yuan Empire policies were actually implemented and negotiated in specific local contexts. Particularly, the adaptation strategies of Yuan literati, who were compelled to maintain their social status through cultural authority within local communities due to blocked institutional pathways, can be connected to the social characteristics of the local literati (紳士) in the Ming and Qing periods. Yet this multifaceted reality was entirely reconstructed in the memory of later generations. Qing literati who had experienced the Ming-Qing transition projected their own anxieties onto the past, recasting Guo Bi as the last guardian of Song-style cultural orthodoxy. The Yunshan Diary was reinterpreted as an idealized model of cultural integrity under foreign domination. In this process, the pragmatic adaptation of Yuan literati to imperial authority and to social and cultural diversity was obscured, leaving only a simplified image of resistance. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the Yunshan Diary possesses dual significance as both historical evidence of Yuan literati's actual lives under the empire and as a product of cultural memory reconstructed to meet later generations' needs. Furthermore, this work establishes the foundational value and meaning of the text as a historical source, paving the way for future digital humanities approaches such as text mining, network analysis, and GIS-based spatial examination.

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