한국 청소년의 공동체 의식과 사회참여 필요도-참여도 간 격차: 2018–2023년 변화 양상과 구조적 제약 분석 – 2018–2023년 아동종합실태조사 기반 –

초록

This study examines the relationship between Korean adolescents' sense of community and their social participation needs, identifying meaningful yet limited improvements alongside persistent structural constraints. Using the 2018-2023 National Survey on Children (N=3,570 adolescents aged 12-17), a time-series comparative analysis was conducted with t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple regression. The main findings indicate a slight but statistically significant increase in adolescents’ sense of community (from 2.94 to 2.98, p < .05), alongside a statistically significant rise in actual participation in all domains of social activities. Notably, significant improvements were observed across all participation domains: policy participation (+0.57 points, d=0.73), expressing opinions (+0.52 points, d=0.63), planning cultural/leisure activities (+0.46 points, d=0.53), and part-time work (+0.40 points, d=0.51), while the needs-participation gap decreased from 1.36 to 0.98 points. This reveals a dual structure of limited but meaningful improvement while enduring structural constraints. Analysis of structural constraints revealed that private tutoring hours increasing from 4.88 to 6.72 hours and had stronger negative correlations between perceived time scarcity and participation necessity (r=-.059→-.174, p=.014). The findings suggest partial policy success while highlighting the need for additional structural interventions to address persistent time constraints and rebuild social capital for sustained improvement. In particular, policy efforts aimed at restructuring adolescents’ time use and restoring social capital are necessary to transform current limited improvements into sustained and substantial progress.

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