『삼국유사』 인수 교섭담(人獸 交涉譚) 속의 변신 모티프 고찰

초록

This paper examines the metamorphosis motifs that frequently appear in stories about the relationship between humans and animals in Samguk yusa. Drawing on specific examples of metamorphosis in the text, the study considers the frequency of metamorphosis, characterizes its types, and describes the relationships between them. It also considers the types of actions performed by subjects who have undergone metamorphosis. The study conclusions are summarized as follows: There are 14 stories in Samguk yusa that include the metamorphosis motif and consider the relationship between humans and animals. In some cases, the outcome of metamorphosis is revealed in the text. In others, there is a lot of room for transformation under the circumstances, although the outcome of metamorphosis is not revealed in the text. Taking into account both what the text discloses and withholds, 17 cases of metamorphosis were identified. Subjects sometimes undergo metamorphosis only once; however, in other cases, it may occur twice or even thrice. Taking this into account and including the six instances of metamorphosis that were not revealed in the text, 28 instances of metamorphosis appear as part of the metamorphosis motif in these 14 stories. Various types of subjects undergo metamorphosis in these stories, such as animals, humans, gods, objects, and plants. After metamorphosis, subjects perform various actions such as acts of affection/marriage/birth, providing assistance, expelling ghosts, or acts of escape, harm, and death. The metamorphosis motifs in these stories can be divided into “return type” and “non-return type”, depending on whether the beings undergoing transformation return to their original state. Considering the outcome of the metamorphosis, the stories can also be divided into “generative type”, “destructive type” and “complex type.” Furthermore, the stories can be divided into “ending type” and “persistent type”, depending on whether the story continues or not, as well as “upward metamorphosis” and “downward metamorphosis”, depending on whether the subject transforms into a superior or inferior being. Using the “ending/persistent type” and “upward/downward metamorphosis” as the basis, the study identifies the characteristics of each type and describes the relationships between the types. In the “ending type” in which the story ends with metamorphosis, the subject tends to return to their original form. The “destructive type” appears more frequently than the “generative type”. In some stories, the subject’s original identity, hidden by the outcome of the metamorphosis, is revealed in the text along with the outcome of the metamorphosis itself. On the other hand, in the “persistent type” in which other stories continue after metamorphosis, there is an equivalent likelihood of the subject returning to their original form or not returning to their original form. The “generative type” appears slightly more frequently than the “destructive type”. In this type, subjects undergoing metamorphosis deepen and expand their relationships with other beings through various actions and activities, such as “affection/marriage/birth” and “providing assistance”. Among the cases belonging to the “upward metamorphosis” type, there are many in which a generative and happy story develops, such as the subject of metamorphosis developing relationships with other beings. These relationships may be characterized by affection, marriage, and birth, or by providing assistance to others or performing good deeds. In this regard, the “upward metamorphosis” type exhibits similar characteristics to the “persistent type”. Among the cases of “downward metamorphosis” happy stories sometimes develop after the subject is transformed. However, there are also cases in which destructive and tragic stories develop such as acts of escape, harm, and death. The frequency of these two story types is similar. This differs from the “upward metamorphosis” type, in which the “generative type” appears more frequently than the “destructive type”.

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